TY - JOUR
T1 - Transducer design for a portable ultrasound enhanced transdermal drug-delivery system
AU - Maione, Emiliano
AU - Shung, K. Kirk
AU - Meyer, Richard J.
AU - Hughes, Jack W.
AU - Newnham, Robert E.
AU - Smith, Nadine Barrie
N1 - Funding Information:
Conquering Diabetes, a research report from the Congressionally-Established Diabetes Research Group funded by the National Institutes of Health, specified overarching goals to potentially prevent, cure, treat, and manage this disease [21]. Specifically among these research challenges are methods to optimize glucose control. The recommendations from the NIH Research Group include: “Increase basic and clinical research to discover novel approaches to controlling hyperglycemia in diabetes. These approaches should include developing technologies that enable administration of insulin by routes other than injection.” This research forms the cornerstone to developing a clinically approved device for transdermal insulin delivery.
PY - 2002/10
Y1 - 2002/10
N2 - For application in a portable transdermal drug-delivery system, novel transducers have been designed to enhance insulin transmission across skin using ultrasound. Previous research has shown transdermal delivery of insulin across skin using commercial sonicators operating at 20 kHz with intensities ranging from 12.5 to 225 mW/cm 2. The goal of this research was to design and construct a small, lightweight transducer or array that could operate with a similar frequency and intensity range as a commercial sonicator used in previous transdermal ultrasound insulin experiments, but without the weight and mass of a sonicator probe. To obtain this intensity range, a cymbal transducer design was chosen because of its light, compact structure and low resonance frequency in water. To increase the spatial ultrasound field for drug delivery across skin, two arrays, each comprising of four cymbal transducers, were constructed. The first arrays designated the standard array, used four cymbals transducer elements in parallel. A second array (named the stack array) used four cymbal transducers that used stacked piezoelectric discs to drive the titanium flextensional caps. Under similar driving conditions, the standard array produced intensities comparable to those achieved using a commercial sonicator.
AB - For application in a portable transdermal drug-delivery system, novel transducers have been designed to enhance insulin transmission across skin using ultrasound. Previous research has shown transdermal delivery of insulin across skin using commercial sonicators operating at 20 kHz with intensities ranging from 12.5 to 225 mW/cm 2. The goal of this research was to design and construct a small, lightweight transducer or array that could operate with a similar frequency and intensity range as a commercial sonicator used in previous transdermal ultrasound insulin experiments, but without the weight and mass of a sonicator probe. To obtain this intensity range, a cymbal transducer design was chosen because of its light, compact structure and low resonance frequency in water. To increase the spatial ultrasound field for drug delivery across skin, two arrays, each comprising of four cymbal transducers, were constructed. The first arrays designated the standard array, used four cymbals transducer elements in parallel. A second array (named the stack array) used four cymbal transducers that used stacked piezoelectric discs to drive the titanium flextensional caps. Under similar driving conditions, the standard array produced intensities comparable to those achieved using a commercial sonicator.
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U2 - 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1041084
DO - 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1041084
M3 - Article
C2 - 12403144
AN - SCOPUS:0036771565
SN - 0885-3010
VL - 49
SP - 1430
EP - 1436
JO - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
JF - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
IS - 10
ER -