TY - JOUR
T1 - Trends in the airglow temperatures in the mlt region—part 2
T2 - Saber observations and comparisons to model simulations
AU - Huang, Tai Yin
AU - Vanyo, Michael
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: T.-Y.H. and M.V. acknowledge support from the US NSF AGS-1903346 to The Pennsylvania State University. SABER temperature level 2 data was downloaded from http://saber. gats-inc.com/. F10.7 is from the NASA website (http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/form/dx1.html) and Ap index is from the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto website (http://wdc.kugi. kyoto-u.ac.jp/kp/).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/2
Y1 - 2021/2
N2 - The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature measurements at low latitudes from 89 km to 97 km were used to derive the F10.7 and Ap index trends, and the trends were compared to model simulations. The annual mean nonzonal (e.g., at the model simulation location at 18◦ N, 290◦ E) SABER temperature showed a good-to-moderate correlation with F10.7, with a trend of 4.5–5.3 K/100 SFU, and a moderate-to-weak correlation with the Ap index, with a trend of 0.1–0.3 K/nT. The annual mean zonal mean SABER temperature was found to be highly correlated with the F10.7, with a similar trend, and moderately correlated with the Ap index, with a trend in a similar range. The correlation with the Ap index was significantly improved with a slightly larger trend when the zonal mean temperature was fitted with a 1-year backward shift in the Ap index. The F10.7 (Ap index) trends in the simulated O2 and the O(1 S) temperature were smaller (larger) than those in the annual mean nonzonal mean SABER temperature. The trends from the simulations were better compared to those in the annual mean zonal mean temperature. The comparisons were even better when compared to the trend results obtained from fitting with a backward shift in the Ap index.
AB - The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperature measurements at low latitudes from 89 km to 97 km were used to derive the F10.7 and Ap index trends, and the trends were compared to model simulations. The annual mean nonzonal (e.g., at the model simulation location at 18◦ N, 290◦ E) SABER temperature showed a good-to-moderate correlation with F10.7, with a trend of 4.5–5.3 K/100 SFU, and a moderate-to-weak correlation with the Ap index, with a trend of 0.1–0.3 K/nT. The annual mean zonal mean SABER temperature was found to be highly correlated with the F10.7, with a similar trend, and moderately correlated with the Ap index, with a trend in a similar range. The correlation with the Ap index was significantly improved with a slightly larger trend when the zonal mean temperature was fitted with a 1-year backward shift in the Ap index. The F10.7 (Ap index) trends in the simulated O2 and the O(1 S) temperature were smaller (larger) than those in the annual mean nonzonal mean SABER temperature. The trends from the simulations were better compared to those in the annual mean zonal mean temperature. The comparisons were even better when compared to the trend results obtained from fitting with a backward shift in the Ap index.
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U2 - 10.3390/atmos12020167
DO - 10.3390/atmos12020167
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85100696545
SN - 2073-4433
VL - 12
SP - 1
EP - 13
JO - Atmosphere
JF - Atmosphere
IS - 2
M1 - 167
ER -