Triggering behavior changes with information and incentives: An active traffic and demand management-oriented review

Traditionally, methods to reduce traffic congestion have been focused on the capacity side. An increasingly popular approach is to look at issues from the demand side to trigger travel behavior changes, so as to achieve a better balance between the need to travel a particular route at a particular time and the capacity of available facilities which is defined by FHWA as active traffic and demand management strategy (ATDM). The provisions of dynamic traffic information and incentives are two most commonly seen methods to effectively influence people's travel behavior. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive and in-depth review of the research work that focuses on triggering travel behavior changes with the provisions of dynamic traffic information and incentives via Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Real-world system developments and current practices in adjusting travel behaviors will be summarized first, followed by the review of various behavior change aspects, including departure time choice behavior, route choice behavior, mode choice behavior and destination choice behavior. Driving behavior, which is a densely populated topic is also reviewed and summarized. The reviewed studies are summarized and compared at the end of each corresponding section.