TY - JOUR
T1 - Triggering boundary phase transitions through bulk measurements in two-dimensional cluster states
AU - Guo, Yuchen
AU - Zhang, Jian Hao
AU - Bi, Zhen
AU - Yang, Shuo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.
PY - 2023/10
Y1 - 2023/10
N2 - We investigate the phase diagram at the boundary of an infinite two-dimensional cluster state subject to bulk measurements using tensor network methods. The state is subjected to uniform measurements M=cosθZ+sinθX on the lower boundary qubits and in all bulk qubits. Our results show that the boundary of the system exhibits volume-law entanglement at the measurement angle θ=π/2 and area-law entanglement for any θ<π/2. Within the area-law phase, a phase transition occurs at θc=1.371. The phase with θ∈(θc,π/2) is characterized by a noninjective matrix product state, which cannot be realized as the unique ground state of a one-dimensional local, gapped Hamiltonian. Instead, it resembles a cat state with spontaneous symmetry breaking. These findings demonstrate that the phase diagram of the boundary of a two-dimensional system can be more intricate than that of a standard one-dimensional system.
AB - We investigate the phase diagram at the boundary of an infinite two-dimensional cluster state subject to bulk measurements using tensor network methods. The state is subjected to uniform measurements M=cosθZ+sinθX on the lower boundary qubits and in all bulk qubits. Our results show that the boundary of the system exhibits volume-law entanglement at the measurement angle θ=π/2 and area-law entanglement for any θ<π/2. Within the area-law phase, a phase transition occurs at θc=1.371. The phase with θ∈(θc,π/2) is characterized by a noninjective matrix product state, which cannot be realized as the unique ground state of a one-dimensional local, gapped Hamiltonian. Instead, it resembles a cat state with spontaneous symmetry breaking. These findings demonstrate that the phase diagram of the boundary of a two-dimensional system can be more intricate than that of a standard one-dimensional system.
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U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.043069
DO - 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.5.043069
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85175402105
SN - 2643-1564
VL - 5
JO - Physical Review Research
JF - Physical Review Research
IS - 4
M1 - 043069
ER -