@article{4d1a192b84cf4eb9ae3ab11e127bfe5f,
title = "Type VII Toxin/Antitoxin Classification System for Antitoxins that Enzymatically Neutralize Toxins",
abstract = "Toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems are present in nearly all bacterial and archaeal strains and consist of a toxin that reduces growth and an antitoxin that masks toxin activity. Currently there are six primary classes for TA systems based on the nature of the antitoxin and the way that the antitoxin inactivates the toxin. Here we show that there now are at least three additional and distinct TA systems in which the antitoxin is an enzyme and the cognate toxin is the direct target of the antitoxin: Hha/TomB (antitoxin oxidizes Cys18 of the toxin), TglT/TakA (antitoxin phosphorylates Ser78 of the toxin), and HepT/MntA (antitoxin adds three AMPs to Tyr104 of the toxin). Thus, we suggest the type VII TA system should be used to designate those TA systems in which the enzyme antitoxin chemically modifies the toxin post-translationally to neutralize it. Defining the type VII TA system using this specific criterion will aid researchers in classifying newly discovered TA systems as well as refine the framework for recognizing the diverse biochemical functions in TA systems.",
author = "Xiaoxue Wang and Jianyun Yao and Sun, {Yi Cheng} and Wood, {Thomas K.}",
note = "Funding Information: For X.W. this work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (91951203, 31625001), by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1406500), and the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong laboratory (Guangzhou) (GML2019ZD0407). For Y.S. this work was supported by the CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine (2016-I2M-1-013). For T.K.W. this work was supported by funds derived from the Biotechnology Endowed Professorship at the Pennsylvania State University. Funding Information: For X.W., this work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China ( 91951203 , 31625001 ), by the National Key R&D Program of China ( 2018YFC1406500 ), and the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong laboratory (Guangzhou) ( GML2019ZD0407 ). For Y.S., this work was supported by the CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine ( 2016-I2M-1-013 ). For T.K.W., this work was supported by funds derived from the Biotechnology Endowed Professorship at the Pennsylvania State University . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2021",
month = may,
doi = "10.1016/j.tim.2020.12.001",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "29",
pages = "388--393",
journal = "Trends in Microbiology",
issn = "0966-842X",
publisher = "Elsevier Limited",
number = "5",
}