Ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray nuclei and neutrinos from engine-driven supernovae

Transrelativistic supernovae (SNe), which are likely driven by central engines via jets or winds, have been among the candidate sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). We investigate the acceleration and survival of UHECR nuclei in the external reverse shock scenario. With the composition models used in Zhang et al., [Phys. Rev. D 97, 083010 (2018)PRVDAQ2470-001010.1103/PhysRevD.97.083010], we calculate spectra of escaping cosmic rays and secondary neutrinos. If their local rate is ∼1% of the core-collapse supernova rate, the observed UHECR spectrum and composition can be explained with the total cosmic-ray energy Ecr∼1051 erg. The maximum energy of UHECR nuclei can reach ∼1020-1021 eV. The diffuse flux of source neutrinos is predicted to be ∼10-11-10-10 GeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1 in the 0.1-1 EeV range, satisfying nucleus-survival bounds. The associated cosmogenic neutrino flux is calculated and shown to be comparable or even higher than the source neutrino flux. These ultrahigh-energy neutrinos can be detected by ultimate detectors such as the Giant Radio Askaryan Neutrino Detector and Probe of Extreme Multi-Messenger Astrophysics.