Ultrasmall Enzyme Electrodes with Response Time Less than 100 Milliseconds

Glucose sensors with submicrometer tip diameter have been constructed by use of platinum-deposited flame etched carbon fiber electrodes. These electrodes have been coated with glucose oxidase and result in response times as low as 85 ms. Moreover, there is a linear relationship between sensor tip diameter and response time. Although the response is, at present, only stable over a limited number of flow injection analysis runs, it appears that sensors with tip diameter less than 100 nm might provide response times of a few milliseconds if enzyme kinetics do not become rate limiting.