Untangling the role of CEOs' political ideology in the provision and inclusiveness of work–family policies: a multi-level conceptual model

Purpose: Acknowledging the importance of work–family practices that extend beyond what is legally mandated and that cover the needs of a diverse workforce, this paper offers a conceptual model that explores the factors that can influence the provision and inclusiveness of work–family policies in organizations. Design/methodology/approach: The conceptual model is based on a thorough literature review of relevant articles in the fields of management and political science. Findings: In line with the upper echelons perspective, chief executive officers’ (CEOs') political ideology is a multidimensional concept, comprising two main dimensions (financial and social) that can influence the provision and inclusiveness of work–family practices. Moreover, the proposed conceptual model considers other important factors, such as the centrality of the CEO's political ideology, as potential moderating factors, as well as the conditional role of institutional pressures. Finally, the proposed model takes into account the important role of line managers/supervisors in the implementation of work–family policies and shows the importance of the provision and inclusiveness of work–family practices for critical organizational outcomes (organizational attraction and turnover). Originality/value: The proposed conceptual model offers a more in-depth understanding of the factors that influence the provision and inclusiveness of work–family policies.