Using a Linear Quadratic Regulator to Attenuate Cell-to-Cell Heterogeneity within a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack

Donald J. Docimo, Hosam K. Fathy

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper develops a balancing algorithm capable of attenuating charge, temperature, and other types of heterogeneity between cells within a lithium-ion battery pack. Cell-to-cell heterogeneity is known to negatively impact pack performance and reduce pack lifespan, and several balancing algorithms exist to mitigate this impact. These algorithms control cell currents and remove state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH) and temperature imbalances, extending pack lifespan. However, the literature currently lacks a formalized method for removal of multiple types of heterogeneity that is scalable for different pack sizes. This paper addresses this gap by developing a balancing algorithm which is (i) general with respect to battery model selection and heterogeneity types and (ii) easily scalable to different pack sizes without increasing computational complexity. To design the algorithm, a linear time-varying (LTV) model representative of heterogeneity within the battery pack is presented. A linear quadratic regulator (LQR) is applied to this heterogeneity model, providing a systematic method to determine controller gains for the balancing currents. The block diagonal matrices of the LTV model prove advantageous, and allow the LQR problem's solution to be independent of the pack size. The novel balancing algorithm is validated through simulation using a realistic electro-thermal model with heterogeneity in charge, temperature, and other electrochemical states. This case study exemplifies the effectiveness of the balancing algorithm to eliminate multiple types of heterogeneity.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publication2018 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications, CCTA 2018
PublisherInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages1395-1402
Number of pages8
ISBN (Electronic)9781538676981
DOIs
StatePublished - Oct 26 2018
Event2nd IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications, CCTA 2018 - Copenhagen, Denmark
Duration: Aug 21 2018Aug 24 2018

Publication series

Name2018 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications, CCTA 2018

Other

Other2nd IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications, CCTA 2018
Country/TerritoryDenmark
CityCopenhagen
Period8/21/188/24/18

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Aerospace Engineering
  • Control and Optimization
  • Automotive Engineering
  • Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality

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