TY - JOUR
T1 - Using air pollution based community clusters to explore air pollution health effects in children
AU - Qian, Zhengmin
AU - Chapman, Robert S.
AU - Hu, Wei
AU - Wei, Fusheng
AU - Korn, Leo R.
AU - Zhang, Junfeng
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are grateful for the essential contribution made by members of the field study staff at Chongqing Environmental Monitoring Station, Guanghzou Environmental Monitoring Station, Gansu Environmental Protection Institute, and Wuhan Environmental Protection Institute. The authors acknowledge the cooperation of the school principals, the many teachers, the students, and their parents. Mr. E. Teng, Mr. W. Hu, and Ms. G. Wu of China National Environmental Monitoring Center provided a variety of assistance including QA checks. The US EPA partially funded and collaborated in research described here under cooperative agreements CR822691, with the China National Environmental Monitoring Center, and CR826507, with the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. Dr. Zhang's research is also supported in part by a NIEHS center grant #ES05022-10 to the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI). The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of either the US EPA or the Chinese Government.
PY - 2004/7
Y1 - 2004/7
N2 - To study respiratory health effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollutant mixture, we observed 7058 school children 5-16 years of age living in the four Chinese cities of Lanzhou, Chongqing, Wuhan, and Guangzhou. These children were enrolled from elementary schools located in eight districts, one urban district and one suburban district in each of the above cities. Ambient levels of PM2.5, PM10-2.5, total suspended particles (TSP), SO2, and NOx were measured in these districts from 1993 to 1996. Based on a cluster analysis of arithmetic mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10-2.5, (TSP-PM10), SO2, and NOx, we classified these children into four ordinal categories of exposure to ambient air pollutant mixtures. We tested for exposure-response relationships using logistic regression models, controlling for relevant covariates. We observed monotonic, positive relationships of exposure to the pollutant mixture with prevalence rates of cough with phlegm and wheeze. Other outcomes were not associated with the exposure in a monotonic exposure-response pattern. Even so, odds ratios for cough, phlegm, bronchitis, and asthma in the higher exposure district clusters were all higher than in the lowest exposure district cluster. We found evidence that exposure to the pollutant mixtures had adverse effects on children living in the four Chinese cities.
AB - To study respiratory health effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollutant mixture, we observed 7058 school children 5-16 years of age living in the four Chinese cities of Lanzhou, Chongqing, Wuhan, and Guangzhou. These children were enrolled from elementary schools located in eight districts, one urban district and one suburban district in each of the above cities. Ambient levels of PM2.5, PM10-2.5, total suspended particles (TSP), SO2, and NOx were measured in these districts from 1993 to 1996. Based on a cluster analysis of arithmetic mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10-2.5, (TSP-PM10), SO2, and NOx, we classified these children into four ordinal categories of exposure to ambient air pollutant mixtures. We tested for exposure-response relationships using logistic regression models, controlling for relevant covariates. We observed monotonic, positive relationships of exposure to the pollutant mixture with prevalence rates of cough with phlegm and wheeze. Other outcomes were not associated with the exposure in a monotonic exposure-response pattern. Even so, odds ratios for cough, phlegm, bronchitis, and asthma in the higher exposure district clusters were all higher than in the lowest exposure district cluster. We found evidence that exposure to the pollutant mixtures had adverse effects on children living in the four Chinese cities.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2003.11.003
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2003.11.003
M3 - Article
C2 - 15051237
AN - SCOPUS:1842457753
SN - 0160-4120
VL - 30
SP - 611
EP - 620
JO - Environment international
JF - Environment international
IS - 5
ER -