Utility of number and type of office discipline referrals in predicting chronic problem behavior in middle schools

Larissa Predy, Kent Mcintosh, Jennifer L. Frank

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

13 Scopus citations

Abstract

This study examined the technical adequacy of office discipline referrals (ODRs) received early in the school year for predicting total ODRs received by the end of the year. The sample included 401,852 students from 593 public middle schools (serving Grades 6 to 8) in the United States in the 2009-2010 school year. The results showed that ODRs received in September, October, and November were statistically significant predictors of total ODRs and that the inclusion of types of referrals (especially for defiance) significantly improved prediction of total ODRs. These results are discussed regarding the utility of ODRs for screening and patterns of problem behavior likely to predict chronic discipline problems in middle schools.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)472-489
Number of pages18
JournalSchool Psychology Review
Volume43
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 1 2014

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Education
  • Developmental and Educational Psychology

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