Vapor-induced solid-liquid-solid process for silicon-based nanowire growth

Ji Guang Zhang; Jun Liu; Donghai Wang; Daiwon Choi; Leonard S. Fifield; Chongmin Wang; Gordon Xia; Zimin Nie; Zhenguo Yang; Larry R. Pederson; Gordon Graff

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.09.068

Vapor-induced solid-liquid-solid process for silicon-based nanowire growth

Ji Guang Zhang, Jun Liu, Donghai Wang, Daiwon Choi, Leonard S. Fifield, Chongmin Wang, Gordon Xia, Zimin Nie, Zhenguo Yang, Larry R. Pederson, Gordon Graff

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

Silicon-based nanowires have been grown from commercial silicon powders under conditions with different oxygen and carbon activities. Nanowires grown in the presence of carbon sources consisted of a crystalline SiC core with an amorphous SiO_x shell. The thickness of the SiO_x shell decreased as the oxygen concentration in the precursor gases decreased. Nanowires grown in a carbon-free environment consisted of amorphous silicon oxide with a typical composition of SiO_1.8. The growth rate of nanowires decreased with decreasing oxygen content in the precursor gases. SiO_1.8 nanowires exhibited an initial discharge capacity of ∼1300 mAh g^-1 and better stability than those of silicon powders. A vapor-induced solid-liquid-solid (VI-SLS) mechanism is proposed to explain the nanowire growth (including silicon and other metal-based nanowires) from powder sources. In this approach, both a gas source and a solid-powder source are required for nanowire growth. This mechanism is consistent with experimental observations and also can be used to guide the design and growth of other nanowires.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1691-1697
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of Power Sources
Volume	195
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.09.068
State	Published - Mar 15 2010

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.09.068

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title = "Vapor-induced solid-liquid-solid process for silicon-based nanowire growth",

abstract = "Silicon-based nanowires have been grown from commercial silicon powders under conditions with different oxygen and carbon activities. Nanowires grown in the presence of carbon sources consisted of a crystalline SiC core with an amorphous SiOx shell. The thickness of the SiOx shell decreased as the oxygen concentration in the precursor gases decreased. Nanowires grown in a carbon-free environment consisted of amorphous silicon oxide with a typical composition of SiO1.8. The growth rate of nanowires decreased with decreasing oxygen content in the precursor gases. SiO1.8 nanowires exhibited an initial discharge capacity of ∼1300 mAh g-1 and better stability than those of silicon powders. A vapor-induced solid-liquid-solid (VI-SLS) mechanism is proposed to explain the nanowire growth (including silicon and other metal-based nanowires) from powder sources. In this approach, both a gas source and a solid-powder source are required for nanowire growth. This mechanism is consistent with experimental observations and also can be used to guide the design and growth of other nanowires.",

author = "Zhang, {Ji Guang} and Jun Liu and Donghai Wang and Daiwon Choi and Fifield, {Leonard S.} and Chongmin Wang and Gordon Xia and Zimin Nie and Zhenguo Yang and Pederson, {Larry R.} and Gordon Graff",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank Laxmikant V. Saraf and James E. Coleman for their help with the SEM analysis. This work is supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and by the Department of Energy through the Office of Vehicle Technology . Part of the research was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL. ",

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AU - Zhang, Ji Guang

AU - Liu, Jun

AU - Wang, Donghai

AU - Choi, Daiwon

AU - Fifield, Leonard S.

AU - Wang, Chongmin

AU - Xia, Gordon

AU - Nie, Zimin

AU - Yang, Zhenguo

AU - Pederson, Larry R.

AU - Graff, Gordon

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank Laxmikant V. Saraf and James E. Coleman for their help with the SEM analysis. This work is supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and by the Department of Energy through the Office of Vehicle Technology . Part of the research was performed in the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at PNNL.

PY - 2010/3/15

Y1 - 2010/3/15

N2 - Silicon-based nanowires have been grown from commercial silicon powders under conditions with different oxygen and carbon activities. Nanowires grown in the presence of carbon sources consisted of a crystalline SiC core with an amorphous SiOx shell. The thickness of the SiOx shell decreased as the oxygen concentration in the precursor gases decreased. Nanowires grown in a carbon-free environment consisted of amorphous silicon oxide with a typical composition of SiO1.8. The growth rate of nanowires decreased with decreasing oxygen content in the precursor gases. SiO1.8 nanowires exhibited an initial discharge capacity of ∼1300 mAh g-1 and better stability than those of silicon powders. A vapor-induced solid-liquid-solid (VI-SLS) mechanism is proposed to explain the nanowire growth (including silicon and other metal-based nanowires) from powder sources. In this approach, both a gas source and a solid-powder source are required for nanowire growth. This mechanism is consistent with experimental observations and also can be used to guide the design and growth of other nanowires.

AB - Silicon-based nanowires have been grown from commercial silicon powders under conditions with different oxygen and carbon activities. Nanowires grown in the presence of carbon sources consisted of a crystalline SiC core with an amorphous SiOx shell. The thickness of the SiOx shell decreased as the oxygen concentration in the precursor gases decreased. Nanowires grown in a carbon-free environment consisted of amorphous silicon oxide with a typical composition of SiO1.8. The growth rate of nanowires decreased with decreasing oxygen content in the precursor gases. SiO1.8 nanowires exhibited an initial discharge capacity of ∼1300 mAh g-1 and better stability than those of silicon powders. A vapor-induced solid-liquid-solid (VI-SLS) mechanism is proposed to explain the nanowire growth (including silicon and other metal-based nanowires) from powder sources. In this approach, both a gas source and a solid-powder source are required for nanowire growth. This mechanism is consistent with experimental observations and also can be used to guide the design and growth of other nanowires.

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Vapor-induced solid-liquid-solid process for silicon-based nanowire growth

Abstract

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