Vegetation and soil development in compost-amended iron oxide precipitates at a 50-year-old acid mine drainage barrens

Agriculture & Biology

• acid mine drainage 100%
• iron oxides 85%
• vegetation 47%
• soil 32%
• liming materials 31%
• composts 25%
• iron oxyhydroxides 24%
• growing season 20%
• oat straw 19%
• rotary tillage 19%
• nurse plants 19%
• iron 18%
• mulching 14%
• coal 13%
• seeds 13%
• soil properties 12%
• oats 12%
• indigenous species 10%
• oxidation 9%
• hydrolysis 9%
• water content 9%
• air 8%
• methodology 6%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• acid mine drainage 74%
• iron oxide 62%
• vegetation 38%
• soil 27%
• compost 26%
• lime 23%
• growing season 23%
• seed 22%
• restoration 19%
• mulching 17%
• straw 13%
• coal mine 12%
• hydrolysis 11%
• soil property 11%
• soil surface 11%
• moisture content 11%
• surface layer 11%
• crop 9%
• iron 8%
• oxidation 8%
• air 6%
• removal 6%
• cost 6%
• method 5%
• comparison 5%
• experiment 5%