Viscosity bounds in liquids with different structure and bonding types

Recently, it was realized that liquid viscosity has a lower bound which is nearly constant for all liquids and is governed by fundamental physical constants. This was supported by experimental data in noble and molecular liquids. Here, we perform large-scale molecular dynamics simulations to ascertain this bound in two other important liquid types: the ionic molten salt system LiF and metallic Pb. We find that these ionic and metallic systems similarly have lower viscosity bounds corresponding to the minimum of kinematic viscosity of ∼10-7m2/s. We show that this agrees with experimental data in other systems with different structures and bonding types, including noble, molecular, metallic, and covalent liquids. This expands the universality of viscosity bounds into the main system types known.