Visualizing moiré ferroelectricity via plasmons and nano-photocurrent in graphene/twisted-WSe2 structures

Shuai Zhang; Yang Liu; Zhiyuan Sun; Xinzhong Chen; Baichang Li; S. L. Moore; Song Liu; Zhiying Wang; S. E. Rossi; Ran Jing; Jordan Fonseca; Birui Yang; Yinming Shao; Chun Ying Huang; Taketo Handa; Lin Xiong; Matthew Fu; Tsai Chun Pan; Dorri Halbertal; Xinyi Xu; Wenjun Zheng; P. J. Schuck; A. N. Pasupathy; C. R. Dean; Xiaoyang Zhu; David H. Cobden; Xiaodong Xu; Mengkun Liu; M. M. Fogler; James C. Hone; D. N. Basov

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41773-x

Visualizing moiré ferroelectricity via plasmons and nano-photocurrent in graphene/twisted-WSe₂ structures

Shuai Zhang, Yang Liu, Zhiyuan Sun, Xinzhong Chen, Baichang Li, S. L. Moore, Song Liu, Zhiying Wang, S. E. Rossi, Ran Jing, Jordan Fonseca, Birui Yang, Yinming Shao, Chun Ying Huang, Taketo Handa, Lin Xiong, Matthew Fu, Tsai Chun Pan, Dorri Halbertal, Xinyi XuWenjun Zheng, P. J. Schuck, A. N. Pasupathy, C. R. Dean, Xiaoyang Zhu, David H. Cobden, Xiaodong Xu, Mengkun Liu, M. M. Fogler, James C. Hone, D. N. Basov

Physics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

23 Scopus citations

Abstract

Ferroelectricity, a spontaneous and reversible electric polarization, is found in certain classes of van der Waals (vdW) materials. The discovery of ferroelectricity in twisted vdW layers provides new opportunities to engineer spatially dependent electric and optical properties associated with the configuration of moiré superlattice domains and the network of domain walls. Here, we employ near-field infrared nano-imaging and nano-photocurrent measurements to study ferroelectricity in minimally twisted WSe₂. The ferroelectric domains are visualized through the imaging of the plasmonic response in a graphene monolayer adjacent to the moiré WSe₂ bilayers. Specifically, we find that the ferroelectric polarization in moiré domains is imprinted on the plasmonic response of the graphene. Complementary nano-photocurrent measurements demonstrate that the optoelectronic properties of graphene are also modulated by the proximal ferroelectric domains. Our approach represents an alternative strategy for studying moiré ferroelectricity at native length scales and opens promising prospects for (opto)electronic devices.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	6200
Journal	Nature communications
Volume	14
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41773-x
State	Published - Dec 2023

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

General Chemistry
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
General Physics and Astronomy

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Zhang, S., Liu, Y., Sun, Z., Chen, X., Li, B., Moore, S. L., Liu, S., Wang, Z., Rossi, S. E., Jing, R., Fonseca, J., Yang, B., Shao, Y., Huang, C. Y., Handa, T., Xiong, L., Fu, M., Pan, T. C., Halbertal, D., ... Basov, D. N. (2023). Visualizing moiré ferroelectricity via plasmons and nano-photocurrent in graphene/twisted-WSe₂ structures. Nature communications, 14(1), Article 6200. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41773-x

@article{ef5029f326ec4369991d292e12aa8cb9,

title = "Visualizing moir{\'e} ferroelectricity via plasmons and nano-photocurrent in graphene/twisted-WSe2 structures",

abstract = "Ferroelectricity, a spontaneous and reversible electric polarization, is found in certain classes of van der Waals (vdW) materials. The discovery of ferroelectricity in twisted vdW layers provides new opportunities to engineer spatially dependent electric and optical properties associated with the configuration of moir{\'e} superlattice domains and the network of domain walls. Here, we employ near-field infrared nano-imaging and nano-photocurrent measurements to study ferroelectricity in minimally twisted WSe2. The ferroelectric domains are visualized through the imaging of the plasmonic response in a graphene monolayer adjacent to the moir{\'e} WSe2 bilayers. Specifically, we find that the ferroelectric polarization in moir{\'e} domains is imprinted on the plasmonic response of the graphene. Complementary nano-photocurrent measurements demonstrate that the optoelectronic properties of graphene are also modulated by the proximal ferroelectric domains. Our approach represents an alternative strategy for studying moir{\'e} ferroelectricity at native length scales and opens promising prospects for (opto)electronic devices.",

author = "Shuai Zhang and Yang Liu and Zhiyuan Sun and Xinzhong Chen and Baichang Li and Moore, {S. L.} and Song Liu and Zhiying Wang and Rossi, {S. E.} and Ran Jing and Jordan Fonseca and Birui Yang and Yinming Shao and Huang, {Chun Ying} and Taketo Handa and Lin Xiong and Matthew Fu and Pan, {Tsai Chun} and Dorri Halbertal and Xinyi Xu and Wenjun Zheng and Schuck, {P. J.} and Pasupathy, {A. N.} and Dean, {C. R.} and Xiaoyang Zhu and Cobden, {David H.} and Xiaodong Xu and Mengkun Liu and Fogler, {M. M.} and Hone, {James C.} and Basov, {D. N.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2023",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1038/s41467-023-41773-x",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "14",

journal = "Nature communications",

issn = "2041-1723",

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number = "1",

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Zhang, S, Liu, Y, Sun, Z, Chen, X, Li, B, Moore, SL, Liu, S, Wang, Z, Rossi, SE, Jing, R, Fonseca, J, Yang, B, Shao, Y, Huang, CY, Handa, T, Xiong, L, Fu, M, Pan, TC, Halbertal, D, Xu, X, Zheng, W, Schuck, PJ, Pasupathy, AN, Dean, CR, Zhu, X, Cobden, DH, Xu, X, Liu, M, Fogler, MM, Hone, JC & Basov, DN 2023, 'Visualizing moiré ferroelectricity via plasmons and nano-photocurrent in graphene/twisted-WSe₂ structures', Nature communications, vol. 14, no. 1, 6200. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-41773-x

TY - JOUR

T1 - Visualizing moiré ferroelectricity via plasmons and nano-photocurrent in graphene/twisted-WSe2 structures

AU - Zhang, Shuai

AU - Liu, Yang

AU - Sun, Zhiyuan

AU - Chen, Xinzhong

AU - Li, Baichang

AU - Moore, S. L.

AU - Liu, Song

AU - Wang, Zhiying

AU - Rossi, S. E.

AU - Jing, Ran

AU - Fonseca, Jordan

AU - Yang, Birui

AU - Shao, Yinming

AU - Huang, Chun Ying

AU - Handa, Taketo

AU - Xiong, Lin

AU - Fu, Matthew

AU - Pan, Tsai Chun

AU - Halbertal, Dorri

AU - Xu, Xinyi

AU - Zheng, Wenjun

AU - Schuck, P. J.

AU - Pasupathy, A. N.

AU - Dean, C. R.

AU - Zhu, Xiaoyang

AU - Cobden, David H.

AU - Xu, Xiaodong

AU - Liu, Mengkun

AU - Fogler, M. M.

AU - Hone, James C.

AU - Basov, D. N.

PY - 2023/12

Y1 - 2023/12

N2 - Ferroelectricity, a spontaneous and reversible electric polarization, is found in certain classes of van der Waals (vdW) materials. The discovery of ferroelectricity in twisted vdW layers provides new opportunities to engineer spatially dependent electric and optical properties associated with the configuration of moiré superlattice domains and the network of domain walls. Here, we employ near-field infrared nano-imaging and nano-photocurrent measurements to study ferroelectricity in minimally twisted WSe2. The ferroelectric domains are visualized through the imaging of the plasmonic response in a graphene monolayer adjacent to the moiré WSe2 bilayers. Specifically, we find that the ferroelectric polarization in moiré domains is imprinted on the plasmonic response of the graphene. Complementary nano-photocurrent measurements demonstrate that the optoelectronic properties of graphene are also modulated by the proximal ferroelectric domains. Our approach represents an alternative strategy for studying moiré ferroelectricity at native length scales and opens promising prospects for (opto)electronic devices.

AB - Ferroelectricity, a spontaneous and reversible electric polarization, is found in certain classes of van der Waals (vdW) materials. The discovery of ferroelectricity in twisted vdW layers provides new opportunities to engineer spatially dependent electric and optical properties associated with the configuration of moiré superlattice domains and the network of domain walls. Here, we employ near-field infrared nano-imaging and nano-photocurrent measurements to study ferroelectricity in minimally twisted WSe2. The ferroelectric domains are visualized through the imaging of the plasmonic response in a graphene monolayer adjacent to the moiré WSe2 bilayers. Specifically, we find that the ferroelectric polarization in moiré domains is imprinted on the plasmonic response of the graphene. Complementary nano-photocurrent measurements demonstrate that the optoelectronic properties of graphene are also modulated by the proximal ferroelectric domains. Our approach represents an alternative strategy for studying moiré ferroelectricity at native length scales and opens promising prospects for (opto)electronic devices.

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JO - Nature communications

JF - Nature communications

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ER -

Visualizing moiré ferroelectricity via plasmons and nano-photocurrent in graphene/twisted-WSe₂ structures

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