TY - JOUR
T1 - Vitamin-supplemented chewing gum can increase salivary and plasma levels of a panel of vitamins in healthy human participants
AU - Khoo, Weslie Y.
AU - Chrisfield, Benjamin J.
AU - Colantonio, Anthony J.
AU - Lambert, Joshua D.
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the staff at PSU Clinical Research Center for their patience and dedication during this study. This work was supported by Vitaball, Inc. (FT. Thomas, KY, USA) and the United States Department of Agriculture (Hatch Project no. PEN4565). Colantonio (an employee of Vitaball, Inc) participated in study design and editing the manuscript. He was not involved in participant recruitment, sample collection, data analysis, or preparation of the first manuscript draft. No other employee of Vitaball, Inc. was involved in the study design and execution. The USDA had no role in the study design and execution.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018
PY - 2018/11
Y1 - 2018/11
N2 - A number of commercially-available chewing gums contain health-related ingredients including vitamins. The ability of chewing gum to deliver these ingredients to the plasma has not been well-studied. We examined the release and plasma levels of a panel of vitamins from two supplemented gums in 15 healthy human participants. We examined the release of vitamins from the gums into the saliva using a single-blind randomized design, and then determined the acute impact of chewing vitamin-supplemented gums on plasma vitamin concentrations in a single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Retinol, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol were released into the saliva by chewing. Plasma vitamin concentrations were increased for retinol (75–96%), pyridoxine (906–1077%), ascorbic acid (64–141%) and α-tocopherol (502–418%) after chewing the supplemented gums, compared to baseline. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the delivery of vitamins using chewing gum in humans.
AB - A number of commercially-available chewing gums contain health-related ingredients including vitamins. The ability of chewing gum to deliver these ingredients to the plasma has not been well-studied. We examined the release and plasma levels of a panel of vitamins from two supplemented gums in 15 healthy human participants. We examined the release of vitamins from the gums into the saliva using a single-blind randomized design, and then determined the acute impact of chewing vitamin-supplemented gums on plasma vitamin concentrations in a single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Retinol, thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pyridoxine, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol were released into the saliva by chewing. Plasma vitamin concentrations were increased for retinol (75–96%), pyridoxine (906–1077%), ascorbic acid (64–141%) and α-tocopherol (502–418%) after chewing the supplemented gums, compared to baseline. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining the delivery of vitamins using chewing gum in humans.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.026
DO - 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.026
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85053830988
SN - 1756-4646
VL - 50
SP - 37
EP - 44
JO - Journal of Functional Foods
JF - Journal of Functional Foods
ER -
