When pigs fly: Anime, auteurism, and Miyazaki's Porco Rosso

This article addresses Western views of the Japanese animation form known as 'anime' through an analysis of a lesser-known film by one of the most important anime filmmakers, Hayao Miyazaki. In seeking to build what scholar Thomas Lamarre refers to as a 'relational' understanding of anime, we address Miyazaki's film Porco Rosso through the lens of film studies concepts of auteur theory, and also in relation to the medium of animation. In a range of aspects, from visual approach to its deeper themes, Miyazaki's work is found to draw on a distinctive set of strategies that might be described as 'creative traditionalism'. Using Porco Rosso as a case study, our broader argument is that anime, as a form of postmodern popular culture, can be best understood in the West through a triangulation of different approaches that balance issues of form, medium, cultural context, and individual creators.