Wide-Area Monitoring and Control of Smart Energy Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)

This chapter presents the stabilization aspect of energy cyber-physical systems (CPSs). It focuses on wide-area monitoring and control of smart grids, which is enabled by remote signals communicated from the phasor measurement units (PMUs) to the control center through a phasor data concentrator (PDC). The chapter gives a brief introduction of wide-area control, and discusses the challenges and opportunities in the areas of wide-area monitoring, wide-area damping control, and wind farms (WFs). It also presents solutions to these problems. The chapter further presents a case study for latency compensation in wide-area control using the phasor approach. The idea of the phasor approach is to extract the oscillatory component(s) as space phasor(s) in synchronously rotating d-q reference frame(s). This approach is used for estimation of modal frequency, damping, and relative mode shape in near real time during transient conditions.