X-ray photoemission studies of atom implanted matrices: Ni in carbon

Nickel, in low concentration, has been implanted in carbon foil. Both the Ni 2p_3/2 and the L₃M₄₅M₄₅ Auger levels are shifted 0.9 eV relative to nickel foil, while the valence band level is shifted by 1.2 eV. The characteristic energy loss peak associated with the core and valence levels of bulk nickel is observed on the core and valence levels of implanted nickel. An analysis is presented to show that the characteristic loss peak is consistent with 3d→4s or 4s→4p shake up processes. Model-based spectra are consistent with an initial state configuration ... 3d ⁹4s¹ for implanted nickel atoms.