X-Ray Polarization of BL Lacertae in Outburst

Abel L. Peirson; Michela Negro; Ioannis Liodakis; Riccardo Middei; Dawoon E. Kim; Alan P. Marscher; Herman L. Marshall; Luigi Pacciani; Roger W. Romani; Kinwah Wu; Alessandro Di Marco; Niccoló Di Lalla; Nicola Omodei; Svetlana G. Jorstad; Iván Agudo; Pouya M. Kouch; Elina Lindfors; Francisco José Aceituno; Maria I. Bernardos; Giacomo Bonnoli; Víctor Casanova; Maya García-Comas; Beatriz Agís-González; César Husillos; Alessandro Marchini; Alfredo Sota; Carolina Casadio; Juan Escudero; Ioannis Myserlis; Albrecht Sievers; Mark Gurwell; Ramprasad Rao; Ryo Imazawa; Mahito Sasada; Yasushi Fukazawa; Koji S. Kawabata; Makoto Uemura; Tsunefumi Mizuno; Tatsuya Nakaoka; Hiroshi Akitaya; Yeon Cheong; Hyeon Woo Jeong; Sincheol Kang; Sang Hyun Kim; Sang Sung Lee; Emmanouil Angelakis; Alexander Kraus; Nicoló Cibrario; Immacolata Donnarumma; Juri Poutanen; Fabrizio Tavecchio; Lucio A. Antonelli; Matteo Bachetti; Luca Baldini; Wayne H. Baumgartner; Ronaldo Bellazzini; Stefano Bianchi; Stephen D. Bongiorno; Raffaella Bonino; Alessandro Brez; Niccoló Bucciantini; Fiamma Capitanio; Simone Castellano; Elisabetta Cavazzuti; Chien Ting Chen; Stefano Ciprini; Enrico Costa; Alessandra De Rosa; Ettore Del Monte; Laura Di Gesu; Victor Doroshenko; Michal Dovčiak; Steven R. Ehlert; Teruaki Enoto; Yuri Evangelista; Sergio Fabiani; Riccardo Ferrazzoli; Javier A. Garcia; Shuichi Gunji; Kiyoshi Hayashida; Jeremy Heyl; Wataru Iwakiri; Philip Kaaret; Vladimir Karas; Takao Kitaguchi; Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak; Henric Krawczynski; Fabio La Monaca; Luca Latronico; Grzegorz Madejski; Simone Maldera; Alberto Manfreda; Frédéric Marin; Andrea Marinucci; Francesco Massaro; Giorgio Matt; Ikuyuki Mitsuishi; Fabio Muleri; C. Y. Ng; Stephen L. O’Dell; Chiara Oppedisano; Alessandro Papitto; George G. Pavlov; Matteo Perri; Melissa Pesce-Rollins; Pierre Olivier Petrucci; Maura Pilia; Andrea Possenti; Simonetta Puccetti; Brian D. Ramsey; John Rankin; Ajay Ratheesh; Oliver J. Roberts; Carmelo Sgró; Patrick Slane; Paolo Soffitta; Gloria Spandre; Douglas A. Swartz; Toru Tamagawa; Roberto Taverna; Yuzuru Tawara; Allyn F. Tennant; Nicholas E. Thomas; Francesco Tombesi; Alessio Trois; Sergey Tsygankov; Roberto Turolla; Jacco Vink; Martin C. Weisskopf; Fei Xie; Silvia Zane

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acd242

X-Ray Polarization of BL Lacertae in Outburst

Abel L. Peirson, Michela Negro, Ioannis Liodakis, Riccardo Middei, Dawoon E. Kim, Alan P. Marscher, Herman L. Marshall, Luigi Pacciani, Roger W. Romani, Kinwah Wu, Alessandro Di Marco, Niccoló Di Lalla, Nicola Omodei, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Iván Agudo, Pouya M. Kouch, Elina Lindfors, Francisco José Aceituno, Maria I. Bernardos, Giacomo BonnoliVíctor Casanova, Maya García-Comas, Beatriz Agís-González, César Husillos, Alessandro Marchini, Alfredo Sota, Carolina Casadio, Juan Escudero, Ioannis Myserlis, Albrecht Sievers, Mark Gurwell, Ramprasad Rao, Ryo Imazawa, Mahito Sasada, Yasushi Fukazawa, Koji S. Kawabata, Makoto Uemura, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Tatsuya Nakaoka, Hiroshi Akitaya, Yeon Cheong, Hyeon Woo Jeong, Sincheol Kang, Sang Hyun Kim, Sang Sung Lee, Emmanouil Angelakis, Alexander Kraus, Nicoló Cibrario, Immacolata Donnarumma, Juri Poutanen, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Lucio A. Antonelli, Matteo Bachetti, Luca Baldini, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Stefano Bianchi, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Raffaella Bonino, Alessandro Brez, Niccoló Bucciantini, Fiamma Capitanio, Simone Castellano, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Chien Ting Chen, Stefano Ciprini, Enrico Costa, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Laura Di Gesu, Victor Doroshenko, Michal Dovčiak, Steven R. Ehlert, Teruaki Enoto, Yuri Evangelista, Sergio Fabiani, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Javier A. Garcia, Shuichi Gunji, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Jeremy Heyl, Wataru Iwakiri, Philip Kaaret, Vladimir Karas, Takao Kitaguchi, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Henric Krawczynski, Fabio La Monaca, Luca Latronico, Grzegorz Madejski, Simone Maldera, Alberto Manfreda, Frédéric Marin, Andrea Marinucci, Francesco Massaro, Giorgio Matt, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Fabio Muleri, C. Y. Ng, Stephen L. O’Dell, Chiara Oppedisano, Alessandro Papitto, George G. Pavlov, Matteo Perri, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Pierre Olivier Petrucci, Maura Pilia, Andrea Possenti, Simonetta Puccetti, Brian D. Ramsey, John Rankin, Ajay Ratheesh, Oliver J. Roberts, Carmelo Sgró, Patrick Slane, Paolo Soffitta, Gloria Spandre, Douglas A. Swartz, Toru Tamagawa, Roberto Taverna, Yuzuru Tawara, Allyn F. Tennant, Nicholas E. Thomas, Francesco Tombesi, Alessio Trois, Sergey Tsygankov, Roberto Turolla, Jacco Vink, Martin C. Weisskopf, Fei Xie, Silvia Zane

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

35 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report the first >99% confidence detection of X-ray polarization in BL Lacertae. During a recent X-ray/γ-ray outburst, a 287 ks observation (2022 November 27-30) was taken using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), together with contemporaneous multiwavelength observations from the Neil Gehrels Swift observatory and XMM-Newton in soft X-rays (0.3-10 keV), NuSTAR in hard X-rays (3-70 keV), and optical polarization from the Calar Alto and Perkins Telescope observatories. Our contemporaneous X-ray data suggest that the IXPE energy band is at the crossover between the low- and high-frequency blazar emission humps. The source displays significant variability during the observation, and we measure polarization in three separate time bins. Contemporaneous X-ray spectra allow us to determine the relative contribution from each emission hump. We find >99% confidence X-ray polarization Π 2 - 4 keV = 21.7 − 7.9 + 5.6 % and electric vector polarization angle ψ _2-4keV = −28.°7 ± 8.°7 in the time bin with highest estimated synchrotron flux contribution. We discuss possible implications of our observations, including previous IXPE BL Lacertae pointings, tentatively concluding that synchrotron self-Compton emission dominates over hadronic emission processes during the observed epochs.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	L25
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	948
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acd242
State	Published - May 1 2023

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Access to Document

10.3847/2041-8213/acd242

Cite this

Peirson, A. L., Negro, M., Liodakis, I., Middei, R., Kim, D. E., Marscher, A. P., Marshall, H. L., Pacciani, L., Romani, R. W., Wu, K., Di Marco, A., Di Lalla, N., Omodei, N., Jorstad, S. G., Agudo, I., Kouch, P. M., Lindfors, E., Aceituno, F. J., Bernardos, M. I., ... Zane, S. (2023). X-Ray Polarization of BL Lacertae in Outburst. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 948(2), Article L25. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acd242

@article{7c788e5e98ce462397d59ce09e0943c6,

title = "X-Ray Polarization of BL Lacertae in Outburst",

abstract = "We report the first >99\% confidence detection of X-ray polarization in BL Lacertae. During a recent X-ray/γ-ray outburst, a 287 ks observation (2022 November 27-30) was taken using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), together with contemporaneous multiwavelength observations from the Neil Gehrels Swift observatory and XMM-Newton in soft X-rays (0.3-10 keV), NuSTAR in hard X-rays (3-70 keV), and optical polarization from the Calar Alto and Perkins Telescope observatories. Our contemporaneous X-ray data suggest that the IXPE energy band is at the crossover between the low- and high-frequency blazar emission humps. The source displays significant variability during the observation, and we measure polarization in three separate time bins. Contemporaneous X-ray spectra allow us to determine the relative contribution from each emission hump. We find >99\% confidence X-ray polarization Π 2 - 4 keV = 21.7 − 7.9 + 5.6 \% and electric vector polarization angle ψ 2-4keV = −28.°7 ± 8.°7 in the time bin with highest estimated synchrotron flux contribution. We discuss possible implications of our observations, including previous IXPE BL Lacertae pointings, tentatively concluding that synchrotron self-Compton emission dominates over hadronic emission processes during the observed epochs.",

author = "Peirson, \{Abel L.\} and Michela Negro and Ioannis Liodakis and Riccardo Middei and Kim, \{Dawoon E.\} and Marscher, \{Alan P.\} and Marshall, \{Herman L.\} and Luigi Pacciani and Romani, \{Roger W.\} and Kinwah Wu and \{Di Marco\}, Alessandro and \{Di Lalla\}, Niccol{\'o} and Nicola Omodei and Jorstad, \{Svetlana G.\} and Iv{\'a}n Agudo and Kouch, \{Pouya M.\} and Elina Lindfors and Aceituno, \{Francisco Jos{\'e}\} and Bernardos, \{Maria I.\} and Giacomo Bonnoli and V{\'i}ctor Casanova and Maya Garc{\'i}a-Comas and Beatriz Ag{\'i}s-Gonz{\'a}lez and C{\'e}sar Husillos and Alessandro Marchini and Alfredo Sota and Carolina Casadio and Juan Escudero and Ioannis Myserlis and Albrecht Sievers and Mark Gurwell and Ramprasad Rao and Ryo Imazawa and Mahito Sasada and Yasushi Fukazawa and Kawabata, \{Koji S.\} and Makoto Uemura and Tsunefumi Mizuno and Tatsuya Nakaoka and Hiroshi Akitaya and Yeon Cheong and Jeong, \{Hyeon Woo\} and Sincheol Kang and Kim, \{Sang Hyun\} and Lee, \{Sang Sung\} and Emmanouil Angelakis and Alexander Kraus and Nicol{\'o} Cibrario and Immacolata Donnarumma and Juri Poutanen and Fabrizio Tavecchio and Antonelli, \{Lucio A.\} and Matteo Bachetti and Luca Baldini and Baumgartner, \{Wayne H.\} and Ronaldo Bellazzini and Stefano Bianchi and Bongiorno, \{Stephen D.\} and Raffaella Bonino and Alessandro Brez and Niccol{\'o} Bucciantini and Fiamma Capitanio and Simone Castellano and Elisabetta Cavazzuti and Chen, \{Chien Ting\} and Stefano Ciprini and Enrico Costa and \{De Rosa\}, Alessandra and \{Del Monte\}, Ettore and \{Di Gesu\}, Laura and Victor Doroshenko and Michal Dov{\v c}iak and Ehlert, \{Steven R.\} and Teruaki Enoto and Yuri Evangelista and Sergio Fabiani and Riccardo Ferrazzoli and Garcia, \{Javier A.\} and Shuichi Gunji and Kiyoshi Hayashida and Jeremy Heyl and Wataru Iwakiri and Philip Kaaret and Vladimir Karas and Takao Kitaguchi and Kolodziejczak, \{Jeffery J.\} and Henric Krawczynski and \{La Monaca\}, Fabio and Luca Latronico and Grzegorz Madejski and Simone Maldera and Alberto Manfreda and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Marin and Andrea Marinucci and Francesco Massaro and Giorgio Matt and Ikuyuki Mitsuishi and Fabio Muleri and Ng, \{C. Y.\} and O{\textquoteright}Dell, \{Stephen L.\} and Chiara Oppedisano and Alessandro Papitto and Pavlov, \{George G.\} and Matteo Perri and Melissa Pesce-Rollins and Petrucci, \{Pierre Olivier\} and Maura Pilia and Andrea Possenti and Simonetta Puccetti and Ramsey, \{Brian D.\} and John Rankin and Ajay Ratheesh and Roberts, \{Oliver J.\} and Carmelo Sgr{\'o} and Patrick Slane and Paolo Soffitta and Gloria Spandre and Swartz, \{Douglas A.\} and Toru Tamagawa and Roberto Taverna and Yuzuru Tawara and Tennant, \{Allyn F.\} and Thomas, \{Nicholas E.\} and Francesco Tombesi and Alessio Trois and Sergey Tsygankov and Roberto Turolla and Jacco Vink and Weisskopf, \{Martin C.\} and Fei Xie and Silvia Zane",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2023",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/acd242",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "948",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "American Astronomical Society",

number = "2",

}

Peirson, AL, Negro, M, Liodakis, I, Middei, R, Kim, DE, Marscher, AP, Marshall, HL, Pacciani, L, Romani, RW, Wu, K, Di Marco, A, Di Lalla, N, Omodei, N, Jorstad, SG, Agudo, I, Kouch, PM, Lindfors, E, Aceituno, FJ, Bernardos, MI, Bonnoli, G, Casanova, V, García-Comas, M, Agís-González, B, Husillos, C, Marchini, A, Sota, A, Casadio, C, Escudero, J, Myserlis, I, Sievers, A, Gurwell, M, Rao, R, Imazawa, R, Sasada, M, Fukazawa, Y, Kawabata, KS, Uemura, M, Mizuno, T, Nakaoka, T, Akitaya, H, Cheong, Y, Jeong, HW, Kang, S, Kim, SH, Lee, SS, Angelakis, E, Kraus, A, Cibrario, N, Donnarumma, I, Poutanen, J, Tavecchio, F, Antonelli, LA, Bachetti, M, Baldini, L, Baumgartner, WH, Bellazzini, R, Bianchi, S, Bongiorno, SD, Bonino, R, Brez, A, Bucciantini, N, Capitanio, F, Castellano, S, Cavazzuti, E, Chen, CT, Ciprini, S, Costa, E, De Rosa, A, Del Monte, E, Di Gesu, L, Doroshenko, V, Dovčiak, M, Ehlert, SR, Enoto, T, Evangelista, Y, Fabiani, S, Ferrazzoli, R, Garcia, JA, Gunji, S, Hayashida, K, Heyl, J, Iwakiri, W, Kaaret, P, Karas, V, Kitaguchi, T, Kolodziejczak, JJ, Krawczynski, H, La Monaca, F, Latronico, L, Madejski, G, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Marin, F, Marinucci, A, Massaro, F, Matt, G, Mitsuishi, I, Muleri, F, Ng, CY, O’Dell, SL, Oppedisano, C, Papitto, A, Pavlov, GG, Perri, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Petrucci, PO, Pilia, M, Possenti, A, Puccetti, S, Ramsey, BD, Rankin, J, Ratheesh, A, Roberts, OJ, Sgró, C, Slane, P, Soffitta, P, Spandre, G, Swartz, DA, Tamagawa, T, Taverna, R, Tawara, Y, Tennant, AF, Thomas, NE, Tombesi, F, Trois, A, Tsygankov, S, Turolla, R, Vink, J, Weisskopf, MC, Xie, F & Zane, S 2023, 'X-Ray Polarization of BL Lacertae in Outburst', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 948, no. 2, L25. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acd242

TY - JOUR

T1 - X-Ray Polarization of BL Lacertae in Outburst

AU - Peirson, Abel L.

AU - Negro, Michela

AU - Liodakis, Ioannis

AU - Middei, Riccardo

AU - Kim, Dawoon E.

AU - Marscher, Alan P.

AU - Marshall, Herman L.

AU - Pacciani, Luigi

AU - Romani, Roger W.

AU - Wu, Kinwah

AU - Di Marco, Alessandro

AU - Di Lalla, Niccoló

AU - Omodei, Nicola

AU - Jorstad, Svetlana G.

AU - Agudo, Iván

AU - Kouch, Pouya M.

AU - Lindfors, Elina

AU - Aceituno, Francisco José

AU - Bernardos, Maria I.

AU - Bonnoli, Giacomo

AU - Casanova, Víctor

AU - García-Comas, Maya

AU - Agís-González, Beatriz

AU - Husillos, César

AU - Marchini, Alessandro

AU - Sota, Alfredo

AU - Casadio, Carolina

AU - Escudero, Juan

AU - Myserlis, Ioannis

AU - Sievers, Albrecht

AU - Gurwell, Mark

AU - Rao, Ramprasad

AU - Imazawa, Ryo

AU - Sasada, Mahito

AU - Fukazawa, Yasushi

AU - Kawabata, Koji S.

AU - Uemura, Makoto

AU - Mizuno, Tsunefumi

AU - Nakaoka, Tatsuya

AU - Akitaya, Hiroshi

AU - Cheong, Yeon

AU - Jeong, Hyeon Woo

AU - Kang, Sincheol

AU - Kim, Sang Hyun

AU - Lee, Sang Sung

AU - Angelakis, Emmanouil

AU - Kraus, Alexander

AU - Cibrario, Nicoló

AU - Donnarumma, Immacolata

AU - Poutanen, Juri

AU - Tavecchio, Fabrizio

AU - Antonelli, Lucio A.

AU - Bachetti, Matteo

AU - Baldini, Luca

AU - Baumgartner, Wayne H.

AU - Bellazzini, Ronaldo

AU - Bianchi, Stefano

AU - Bongiorno, Stephen D.

AU - Bonino, Raffaella

AU - Brez, Alessandro

AU - Bucciantini, Niccoló

AU - Capitanio, Fiamma

AU - Castellano, Simone

AU - Cavazzuti, Elisabetta

AU - Chen, Chien Ting

AU - Ciprini, Stefano

AU - Costa, Enrico

AU - De Rosa, Alessandra

AU - Del Monte, Ettore

AU - Di Gesu, Laura

AU - Doroshenko, Victor

AU - Dovčiak, Michal

AU - Ehlert, Steven R.

AU - Enoto, Teruaki

AU - Evangelista, Yuri

AU - Fabiani, Sergio

AU - Ferrazzoli, Riccardo

AU - Garcia, Javier A.

AU - Gunji, Shuichi

AU - Hayashida, Kiyoshi

AU - Heyl, Jeremy

AU - Iwakiri, Wataru

AU - Kaaret, Philip

AU - Karas, Vladimir

AU - Kitaguchi, Takao

AU - Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.

AU - Krawczynski, Henric

AU - La Monaca, Fabio

AU - Latronico, Luca

AU - Madejski, Grzegorz

AU - Maldera, Simone

AU - Manfreda, Alberto

AU - Marin, Frédéric

AU - Marinucci, Andrea

AU - Massaro, Francesco

AU - Matt, Giorgio

AU - Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki

AU - Muleri, Fabio

AU - Ng, C. Y.

AU - O’Dell, Stephen L.

AU - Oppedisano, Chiara

AU - Papitto, Alessandro

AU - Pavlov, George G.

AU - Perri, Matteo

AU - Pesce-Rollins, Melissa

AU - Petrucci, Pierre Olivier

AU - Pilia, Maura

AU - Possenti, Andrea

AU - Puccetti, Simonetta

AU - Ramsey, Brian D.

AU - Rankin, John

AU - Ratheesh, Ajay

AU - Roberts, Oliver J.

AU - Sgró, Carmelo

AU - Slane, Patrick

AU - Soffitta, Paolo

AU - Spandre, Gloria

AU - Swartz, Douglas A.

AU - Tamagawa, Toru

AU - Taverna, Roberto

AU - Tawara, Yuzuru

AU - Tennant, Allyn F.

AU - Thomas, Nicholas E.

AU - Tombesi, Francesco

AU - Trois, Alessio

AU - Tsygankov, Sergey

AU - Turolla, Roberto

AU - Vink, Jacco

AU - Weisskopf, Martin C.

AU - Xie, Fei

AU - Zane, Silvia

PY - 2023/5/1

Y1 - 2023/5/1

N2 - We report the first >99% confidence detection of X-ray polarization in BL Lacertae. During a recent X-ray/γ-ray outburst, a 287 ks observation (2022 November 27-30) was taken using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), together with contemporaneous multiwavelength observations from the Neil Gehrels Swift observatory and XMM-Newton in soft X-rays (0.3-10 keV), NuSTAR in hard X-rays (3-70 keV), and optical polarization from the Calar Alto and Perkins Telescope observatories. Our contemporaneous X-ray data suggest that the IXPE energy band is at the crossover between the low- and high-frequency blazar emission humps. The source displays significant variability during the observation, and we measure polarization in three separate time bins. Contemporaneous X-ray spectra allow us to determine the relative contribution from each emission hump. We find >99% confidence X-ray polarization Π 2 - 4 keV = 21.7 − 7.9 + 5.6 % and electric vector polarization angle ψ 2-4keV = −28.°7 ± 8.°7 in the time bin with highest estimated synchrotron flux contribution. We discuss possible implications of our observations, including previous IXPE BL Lacertae pointings, tentatively concluding that synchrotron self-Compton emission dominates over hadronic emission processes during the observed epochs.

AB - We report the first >99% confidence detection of X-ray polarization in BL Lacertae. During a recent X-ray/γ-ray outburst, a 287 ks observation (2022 November 27-30) was taken using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), together with contemporaneous multiwavelength observations from the Neil Gehrels Swift observatory and XMM-Newton in soft X-rays (0.3-10 keV), NuSTAR in hard X-rays (3-70 keV), and optical polarization from the Calar Alto and Perkins Telescope observatories. Our contemporaneous X-ray data suggest that the IXPE energy band is at the crossover between the low- and high-frequency blazar emission humps. The source displays significant variability during the observation, and we measure polarization in three separate time bins. Contemporaneous X-ray spectra allow us to determine the relative contribution from each emission hump. We find >99% confidence X-ray polarization Π 2 - 4 keV = 21.7 − 7.9 + 5.6 % and electric vector polarization angle ψ 2-4keV = −28.°7 ± 8.°7 in the time bin with highest estimated synchrotron flux contribution. We discuss possible implications of our observations, including previous IXPE BL Lacertae pointings, tentatively concluding that synchrotron self-Compton emission dominates over hadronic emission processes during the observed epochs.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85159697882

UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85159697882&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/acd242

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/acd242

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85159697882

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 948

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 2

M1 - L25

ER -

X-Ray Polarization of BL Lacertae in Outburst

Abstract

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this