X-Ray Polarization of the BL Lacertae Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200

Steven R. Ehlert; Ioannis Liodakis; Riccardo Middei; Alan P. Marscher; Fabrizio Tavecchio; Iván Agudo; Pouya M. Kouch; Elina Lindfors; Kari Nilsson; Ioannis Myserlis; Mark Gurwell; Ramprasad Rao; Francisco José Aceituno; Giacomo Bonnoli; Víctor Casanova; Beatriz Agís-González; Juan Escudero; César Husillos; Jorge Otero Santos; Alfredo Sota; Emmanouil Angelakis; Alexander Kraus; Garrett K. Keating; Lucio A. Antonelli; Matteo Bachetti; Luca Baldini; Wayne H. Baumgartner; Ronaldo Bellazzini; Stefano Bianchi; Stephen D. Bongiorno; Raffaella Bonino; Alessandro Brez; Niccoló Bucciantini; Fiamma Capitanio; Simone Castellano; Elisabetta Cavazzuti; Chien Ting Chen; Stefano Ciprini; Enrico Costa; Alessandra De Rosa; Ettore Del Monte; Laura Di Gesu; Niccoló Di Lalla; Alessandro Di Marco; Immacolata Donnarumma; Victor Doroshenko; Michal Dovčiak; Teruaki Enoto; Yuri Evangelista; Sergio Fabiani; Riccardo Ferrazzoli; Javier A. Garcia; Shuichi Gunji; Kiyoshi Hayashida; Jeremy Heyl; Wataru Iwakiri; Svetlana G. Jorstad; Philip Kaaret; Vladimir Karas; Fabian Kislat; Takao Kitaguchi; Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak; Henric Krawczynski; Fabio La Monaca; Luca Latronico; Simone Maldera; Alberto Manfreda; Frédéric Marin; Andrea Marinucci; Herman L. Marshall; Francesco Massaro; Giorgio Matt; Ikuyuki Mitsuishi; Tsunefumi Mizuno; Fabio Muleri; Michela Negro; C. Y. Ng; Stephen L. O’Dell; Nicola Omodei; Chiara Oppedisano; Alessandro Papitto; George G. Pavlov; Abel L. Peirson; Matteo Perri; Melissa Pesce-Rollins; Pierre Olivier Petrucci; Maura Pilia; Andrea Possenti; Juri Poutanen; Simonetta Puccetti; Brian D. Ramsey; John Rankin; Ajay Ratheesh; Oliver J. Roberts; Roger W. Romani; Carmelo Sgró; Patrick Slane; Paolo Soffitta; Gloria Spandre; Douglas A. Swartz; Toru Tamagawa; Roberto Taverna; Yuzuru Tawara; Allyn F. Tennant; Nicholas E. Thomas; Francesco Tombesi; Alessio Trois; Sergey S. Tsygankov; Roberto Turolla; Jacco Vink; Martin C. Weisskopf; Kinwah Wu; Fei Xie; Silvia Zane

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad05c4

X-Ray Polarization of the BL Lacertae Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200

Steven R. Ehlert, Ioannis Liodakis, Riccardo Middei, Alan P. Marscher, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Iván Agudo, Pouya M. Kouch, Elina Lindfors, Kari Nilsson, Ioannis Myserlis, Mark Gurwell, Ramprasad Rao, Francisco José Aceituno, Giacomo Bonnoli, Víctor Casanova, Beatriz Agís-González, Juan Escudero, César Husillos, Jorge Otero Santos, Alfredo SotaEmmanouil Angelakis, Alexander Kraus, Garrett K. Keating, Lucio A. Antonelli, Matteo Bachetti, Luca Baldini, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Stefano Bianchi, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Raffaella Bonino, Alessandro Brez, Niccoló Bucciantini, Fiamma Capitanio, Simone Castellano, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Chien Ting Chen, Stefano Ciprini, Enrico Costa, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Laura Di Gesu, Niccoló Di Lalla, Alessandro Di Marco, Immacolata Donnarumma, Victor Doroshenko, Michal Dovčiak, Teruaki Enoto, Yuri Evangelista, Sergio Fabiani, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Javier A. Garcia, Shuichi Gunji, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Jeremy Heyl, Wataru Iwakiri, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Philip Kaaret, Vladimir Karas, Fabian Kislat, Takao Kitaguchi, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Henric Krawczynski, Fabio La Monaca, Luca Latronico, Simone Maldera, Alberto Manfreda, Frédéric Marin, Andrea Marinucci, Herman L. Marshall, Francesco Massaro, Giorgio Matt, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Fabio Muleri, Michela Negro, C. Y. Ng, Stephen L. O’Dell, Nicola Omodei, Chiara Oppedisano, Alessandro Papitto, George G. Pavlov, Abel L. Peirson, Matteo Perri, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Pierre Olivier Petrucci, Maura Pilia, Andrea Possenti, Juri Poutanen, Simonetta Puccetti, Brian D. Ramsey, John Rankin, Ajay Ratheesh, Oliver J. Roberts, Roger W. Romani, Carmelo Sgró, Patrick Slane, Paolo Soffitta, Gloria Spandre, Douglas A. Swartz, Toru Tamagawa, Roberto Taverna, Yuzuru Tawara, Allyn F. Tennant, Nicholas E. Thomas, Francesco Tombesi, Alessio Trois, Sergey S. Tsygankov, Roberto Turolla, Jacco Vink, Martin C. Weisskopf, Kinwah Wu, Fei Xie, Silvia Zane

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Abstract

We present polarization measurements in the 2-8 keV band from blazar 1ES 0229+200, the first extreme high synchrotron peaked source to be observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). Combining two exposures separated by about two weeks, we find the degree of polarization to be Π_X = 17.9% ± 2.8% at an electric-vector position angle ψ _X = 25.°0 ± 4.°6 using a spectro-polarimetric fit from joint IXPE and XMM-Newton observations. There is no evidence for the polarization degree or angle varying significantly with energy or time on both short timescales (hours) or longer timescales (days). The contemporaneous polarization degree at optical wavelengths was >7× lower, making 1ES 0229+200 the most strongly chromatic blazar yet observed. This high X-ray polarization compared to the optical provides further support that X-ray emission in high-peaked blazars originates in shock-accelerated, energy-stratified electron populations, but is in tension with many recent modeling efforts attempting to reproduce the spectral energy distribution of 1ES 0229+200, which attribute the extremely high energy synchrotron and Compton peaks to Fermi acceleration in the vicinity of strongly turbulent magnetic fields.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	61
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	959
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad05c4
State	Published - Dec 1 2023

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.3847/1538-4357/ad05c4

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Ehlert, S. R., Liodakis, I., Middei, R., Marscher, A. P., Tavecchio, F., Agudo, I., Kouch, P. M., Lindfors, E., Nilsson, K., Myserlis, I., Gurwell, M., Rao, R., Aceituno, F. J., Bonnoli, G., Casanova, V., Agís-González, B., Escudero, J., Husillos, C., Santos, J. O., ... Zane, S. (2023). X-Ray Polarization of the BL Lacertae Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200. Astrophysical Journal, 959(1), Article 61. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad05c4

@article{7e7e2cef273a46ec87dc20bc2ed8b06c,

title = "X-Ray Polarization of the BL Lacertae Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200",

abstract = "We present polarization measurements in the 2-8 keV band from blazar 1ES 0229+200, the first extreme high synchrotron peaked source to be observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). Combining two exposures separated by about two weeks, we find the degree of polarization to be ΠX = 17.9% ± 2.8% at an electric-vector position angle ψ X = 25.°0 ± 4.°6 using a spectro-polarimetric fit from joint IXPE and XMM-Newton observations. There is no evidence for the polarization degree or angle varying significantly with energy or time on both short timescales (hours) or longer timescales (days). The contemporaneous polarization degree at optical wavelengths was >7× lower, making 1ES 0229+200 the most strongly chromatic blazar yet observed. This high X-ray polarization compared to the optical provides further support that X-ray emission in high-peaked blazars originates in shock-accelerated, energy-stratified electron populations, but is in tension with many recent modeling efforts attempting to reproduce the spectral energy distribution of 1ES 0229+200, which attribute the extremely high energy synchrotron and Compton peaks to Fermi acceleration in the vicinity of strongly turbulent magnetic fields.",

author = "Ehlert, {Steven R.} and Ioannis Liodakis and Riccardo Middei and Marscher, {Alan P.} and Fabrizio Tavecchio and Iv{\'a}n Agudo and Kouch, {Pouya M.} and Elina Lindfors and Kari Nilsson and Ioannis Myserlis and Mark Gurwell and Ramprasad Rao and Aceituno, {Francisco Jos{\'e}} and Giacomo Bonnoli and V{\'i}ctor Casanova and Beatriz Ag{\'i}s-Gonz{\'a}lez and Juan Escudero and C{\'e}sar Husillos and Santos, {Jorge Otero} and Alfredo Sota and Emmanouil Angelakis and Alexander Kraus and Keating, {Garrett K.} and Antonelli, {Lucio A.} and Matteo Bachetti and Luca Baldini and Baumgartner, {Wayne H.} and Ronaldo Bellazzini and Stefano Bianchi and Bongiorno, {Stephen D.} and Raffaella Bonino and Alessandro Brez and Niccol{\'o} Bucciantini and Fiamma Capitanio and Simone Castellano and Elisabetta Cavazzuti and Chen, {Chien Ting} and Stefano Ciprini and Enrico Costa and {De Rosa}, Alessandra and {Del Monte}, Ettore and {Di Gesu}, Laura and {Di Lalla}, Niccol{\'o} and {Di Marco}, Alessandro and Immacolata Donnarumma and Victor Doroshenko and Michal Dov{\v c}iak and Teruaki Enoto and Yuri Evangelista and Sergio Fabiani and Riccardo Ferrazzoli and Garcia, {Javier A.} and Shuichi Gunji and Kiyoshi Hayashida and Jeremy Heyl and Wataru Iwakiri and Jorstad, {Svetlana G.} and Philip Kaaret and Vladimir Karas and Fabian Kislat and Takao Kitaguchi and Kolodziejczak, {Jeffery J.} and Henric Krawczynski and {La Monaca}, Fabio and Luca Latronico and Simone Maldera and Alberto Manfreda and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Marin and Andrea Marinucci and Marshall, {Herman L.} and Francesco Massaro and Giorgio Matt and Ikuyuki Mitsuishi and Tsunefumi Mizuno and Fabio Muleri and Michela Negro and Ng, {C. Y.} and O{\textquoteright}Dell, {Stephen L.} and Nicola Omodei and Chiara Oppedisano and Alessandro Papitto and Pavlov, {George G.} and Peirson, {Abel L.} and Matteo Perri and Melissa Pesce-Rollins and Petrucci, {Pierre Olivier} and Maura Pilia and Andrea Possenti and Juri Poutanen and Simonetta Puccetti and Ramsey, {Brian D.} and John Rankin and Ajay Ratheesh and Roberts, {Oliver J.} and Romani, {Roger W.} and Carmelo Sgr{\'o} and Patrick Slane and Paolo Soffitta and Gloria Spandre and Swartz, {Douglas A.} and Toru Tamagawa and Roberto Taverna and Yuzuru Tawara and Tennant, {Allyn F.} and Thomas, {Nicholas E.} and Francesco Tombesi and Alessio Trois and Tsygankov, {Sergey S.} and Roberto Turolla and Jacco Vink and Weisskopf, {Martin C.} and Kinwah Wu and Fei Xie and Silvia Zane",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2023",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ad05c4",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "959",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "1",

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Ehlert, SR, Liodakis, I, Middei, R, Marscher, AP, Tavecchio, F, Agudo, I, Kouch, PM, Lindfors, E, Nilsson, K, Myserlis, I, Gurwell, M, Rao, R, Aceituno, FJ, Bonnoli, G, Casanova, V, Agís-González, B, Escudero, J, Husillos, C, Santos, JO, Sota, A, Angelakis, E, Kraus, A, Keating, GK, Antonelli, LA, Bachetti, M, Baldini, L, Baumgartner, WH, Bellazzini, R, Bianchi, S, Bongiorno, SD, Bonino, R, Brez, A, Bucciantini, N, Capitanio, F, Castellano, S, Cavazzuti, E, Chen, CT, Ciprini, S, Costa, E, De Rosa, A, Del Monte, E, Di Gesu, L, Di Lalla, N, Di Marco, A, Donnarumma, I, Doroshenko, V, Dovčiak, M, Enoto, T, Evangelista, Y, Fabiani, S, Ferrazzoli, R, Garcia, JA, Gunji, S, Hayashida, K, Heyl, J, Iwakiri, W, Jorstad, SG, Kaaret, P, Karas, V, Kislat, F, Kitaguchi, T, Kolodziejczak, JJ, Krawczynski, H, La Monaca, F, Latronico, L, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Marin, F, Marinucci, A, Marshall, HL, Massaro, F, Matt, G, Mitsuishi, I, Mizuno, T, Muleri, F, Negro, M, Ng, CY, O’Dell, SL, Omodei, N, Oppedisano, C, Papitto, A, Pavlov, GG, Peirson, AL, Perri, M, Pesce-Rollins, M, Petrucci, PO, Pilia, M, Possenti, A, Poutanen, J, Puccetti, S, Ramsey, BD, Rankin, J, Ratheesh, A, Roberts, OJ, Romani, RW, Sgró, C, Slane, P, Soffitta, P, Spandre, G, Swartz, DA, Tamagawa, T, Taverna, R, Tawara, Y, Tennant, AF, Thomas, NE, Tombesi, F, Trois, A, Tsygankov, SS, Turolla, R, Vink, J, Weisskopf, MC, Wu, K, Xie, F & Zane, S 2023, 'X-Ray Polarization of the BL Lacertae Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 959, no. 1, 61. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad05c4

TY - JOUR

T1 - X-Ray Polarization of the BL Lacertae Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200

AU - Ehlert, Steven R.

AU - Liodakis, Ioannis

AU - Middei, Riccardo

AU - Marscher, Alan P.

AU - Tavecchio, Fabrizio

AU - Agudo, Iván

AU - Kouch, Pouya M.

AU - Lindfors, Elina

AU - Nilsson, Kari

AU - Myserlis, Ioannis

AU - Gurwell, Mark

AU - Rao, Ramprasad

AU - Aceituno, Francisco José

AU - Bonnoli, Giacomo

AU - Casanova, Víctor

AU - Agís-González, Beatriz

AU - Escudero, Juan

AU - Husillos, César

AU - Santos, Jorge Otero

AU - Sota, Alfredo

AU - Angelakis, Emmanouil

AU - Kraus, Alexander

AU - Keating, Garrett K.

AU - Antonelli, Lucio A.

AU - Bachetti, Matteo

AU - Baldini, Luca

AU - Baumgartner, Wayne H.

AU - Bellazzini, Ronaldo

AU - Bianchi, Stefano

AU - Bongiorno, Stephen D.

AU - Bonino, Raffaella

AU - Brez, Alessandro

AU - Bucciantini, Niccoló

AU - Capitanio, Fiamma

AU - Castellano, Simone

AU - Cavazzuti, Elisabetta

AU - Chen, Chien Ting

AU - Ciprini, Stefano

AU - Costa, Enrico

AU - De Rosa, Alessandra

AU - Del Monte, Ettore

AU - Di Gesu, Laura

AU - Di Lalla, Niccoló

AU - Di Marco, Alessandro

AU - Donnarumma, Immacolata

AU - Doroshenko, Victor

AU - Dovčiak, Michal

AU - Enoto, Teruaki

AU - Evangelista, Yuri

AU - Fabiani, Sergio

AU - Ferrazzoli, Riccardo

AU - Garcia, Javier A.

AU - Gunji, Shuichi

AU - Hayashida, Kiyoshi

AU - Heyl, Jeremy

AU - Iwakiri, Wataru

AU - Jorstad, Svetlana G.

AU - Kaaret, Philip

AU - Karas, Vladimir

AU - Kislat, Fabian

AU - Kitaguchi, Takao

AU - Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.

AU - Krawczynski, Henric

AU - La Monaca, Fabio

AU - Latronico, Luca

AU - Maldera, Simone

AU - Manfreda, Alberto

AU - Marin, Frédéric

AU - Marinucci, Andrea

AU - Marshall, Herman L.

AU - Massaro, Francesco

AU - Matt, Giorgio

AU - Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki

AU - Mizuno, Tsunefumi

AU - Muleri, Fabio

AU - Negro, Michela

AU - Ng, C. Y.

AU - O’Dell, Stephen L.

AU - Omodei, Nicola

AU - Oppedisano, Chiara

AU - Papitto, Alessandro

AU - Pavlov, George G.

AU - Peirson, Abel L.

AU - Perri, Matteo

AU - Pesce-Rollins, Melissa

AU - Petrucci, Pierre Olivier

AU - Pilia, Maura

AU - Possenti, Andrea

AU - Poutanen, Juri

AU - Puccetti, Simonetta

AU - Ramsey, Brian D.

AU - Rankin, John

AU - Ratheesh, Ajay

AU - Roberts, Oliver J.

AU - Romani, Roger W.

AU - Sgró, Carmelo

AU - Slane, Patrick

AU - Soffitta, Paolo

AU - Spandre, Gloria

AU - Swartz, Douglas A.

AU - Tamagawa, Toru

AU - Taverna, Roberto

AU - Tawara, Yuzuru

AU - Tennant, Allyn F.

AU - Thomas, Nicholas E.

AU - Tombesi, Francesco

AU - Trois, Alessio

AU - Tsygankov, Sergey S.

AU - Turolla, Roberto

AU - Vink, Jacco

AU - Weisskopf, Martin C.

AU - Wu, Kinwah

AU - Xie, Fei

AU - Zane, Silvia

PY - 2023/12/1

Y1 - 2023/12/1

N2 - We present polarization measurements in the 2-8 keV band from blazar 1ES 0229+200, the first extreme high synchrotron peaked source to be observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). Combining two exposures separated by about two weeks, we find the degree of polarization to be ΠX = 17.9% ± 2.8% at an electric-vector position angle ψ X = 25.°0 ± 4.°6 using a spectro-polarimetric fit from joint IXPE and XMM-Newton observations. There is no evidence for the polarization degree or angle varying significantly with energy or time on both short timescales (hours) or longer timescales (days). The contemporaneous polarization degree at optical wavelengths was >7× lower, making 1ES 0229+200 the most strongly chromatic blazar yet observed. This high X-ray polarization compared to the optical provides further support that X-ray emission in high-peaked blazars originates in shock-accelerated, energy-stratified electron populations, but is in tension with many recent modeling efforts attempting to reproduce the spectral energy distribution of 1ES 0229+200, which attribute the extremely high energy synchrotron and Compton peaks to Fermi acceleration in the vicinity of strongly turbulent magnetic fields.

AB - We present polarization measurements in the 2-8 keV band from blazar 1ES 0229+200, the first extreme high synchrotron peaked source to be observed by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). Combining two exposures separated by about two weeks, we find the degree of polarization to be ΠX = 17.9% ± 2.8% at an electric-vector position angle ψ X = 25.°0 ± 4.°6 using a spectro-polarimetric fit from joint IXPE and XMM-Newton observations. There is no evidence for the polarization degree or angle varying significantly with energy or time on both short timescales (hours) or longer timescales (days). The contemporaneous polarization degree at optical wavelengths was >7× lower, making 1ES 0229+200 the most strongly chromatic blazar yet observed. This high X-ray polarization compared to the optical provides further support that X-ray emission in high-peaked blazars originates in shock-accelerated, energy-stratified electron populations, but is in tension with many recent modeling efforts attempting to reproduce the spectral energy distribution of 1ES 0229+200, which attribute the extremely high energy synchrotron and Compton peaks to Fermi acceleration in the vicinity of strongly turbulent magnetic fields.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85180102724&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85180102724&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad05c4

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ad05c4

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85180102724

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 959

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 61

ER -

X-Ray Polarization of the BL Lacertae Type Blazar 1ES 0229+200

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